A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted due to a blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel. When the brain is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, brain cells can die within minutes, leading to potentially severe and lasting damage. Strokes are broadly categorised into two types:
- Ischemic stroke, which results from a blockage in a blood vessel. Treatment for ischemic stroke often involves administering clot-dissolving medication or procedures to remove the clot and restore blood flow to the brain.
- Haemorrhagic stroke, which occurs due to the rupture of a blood vessel. Surgery may sometimes be necessary to remove the blood clot in the brain, or relieve pressure on the brain caused by the bleeding. Surgical procedures such as aneurysm clipping or coiling, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) removal, or decompressive craniotomy may be performed. Medications may help manage symptoms, reduce blood pressure, prevent seizures, and minimise the risk of complications. Supportive care, including close monitoring in an intensive care unit (ICU), may be necessary to ensure proper management of vital signs and prevent further brain damage.
Strokes can cause a variety of symptoms. The FAST model is helpful in early detection and possible early intervention.
Balance: Loss of balance, headache or dizziness
Eyes: Blurred vision
Facial weakness: Take note of drooping mouth or eyes
Arm weakness: Check the mobility of both arms and legs
Speech problems:
Time to call the medical emergency line if you see any of these signs.
Other symptoms include:
Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
Vision problems
Dizziness
Severe headache
Sudden drowsiness or loss of consciousness
Prompt treatment is essential to minimise brain damage and potential complications. Rehabilitation, medication, and lifestyle changes are often part of the recovery process for individuals who have experienced a stroke.