A spine tumour is an abnormal growth of cells within the spinal column or the surrounding structures. Spine tumours can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and can affect various parts of the spine, including the vertebral bones, spinal cord, nerve roots, and surrounding tissues. There are two types of spine tumour: Primary and secondary tumour.

1. Primary Tumour: Originates from the spine

2. Secondary Tumour: Spreads to the spine from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic tumours)

The presentation of spine tumours varies and can be asymptomatic when the tumour is still small. However, some common symptoms experienced include:
Neck or back pain (especially along the spine, during the night; progressive and unrelated to activity)
Electric shock-like sensations in the extremities
Persistent back pain
Weakness or numbness in the limbs
Difficulty walking

In severe cases, one may experience a loss of bladder or bowel control, erectile dysfunction, scoliosis, kyphosis and other deformities if the tumour grows large enough to affect the alignment of the spine.

The diagnosis of spine tumours typically involves a combination of imaging tests, physical examinations, and, if necessary, biopsies. Imaging techniques such as MRI, CT scans, and X-rays are commonly used to visualise the spine and identify any abnormalities, including tumours. Biopsies are conducted to confirm the presence of tumours and determine their characteristics.

> Biopsy: A biopsy may be necessary to confirm the presence of a tumour and determine whether it is benign or malignant. During a biopsy, a small tissue sample is removed from the affected area for laboratory analysis. This helps in identifying the specific type of tumour and guiding treatment decisions.
> Neurological Examination: A thorough neurological examination is conducted to assess muscle strength, reflexes, and sensory function. This evaluation helps determine the impact of the tumour on the spinal cord and nerve roots, guiding the treatment plan and prognosis.
> Blood Tests: While blood tests may not directly diagnose a spine tumour, they can provide valuable information about the overall health of the patient and help identify any markers associated with certain types of tumours.

Surgery is often recommended for spine tumours, particularly if the tumour is in a manageable size for complete or partial removal.

Early intervention is crucial in preserving neurological function and treat pain. Additionally, treatments such as Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Targeted Therapy may be used in combination with surgery based on the specific conditions of the tumour and the patient.

If any symptoms persist, seeking immediate medical attention is recommended to ensure timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention can significantly impact the prognosis and overall outcome for individuals with spine tumours.